How has Singapore maintained military relationships with both the United States and China?

Since 1990, Singapore has maintained a memorandum of understanding with the United States that allows U.S. military access to Singapore's naval and air bases. Singapore's Changi Naval Base regularly accommodates U.S. aircraft carriers for logistical support as they travel between the Pacific and Indian Ocean theaters, and Singapore purchases significant U.S. military hardware. Despite these strong U.S. ties, Singapore simultaneously maintains close military ties with China, including an active defense agreement, joint military exercises with the People's Liberation Army, and a visiting forces agreement. This careful balancing act reflects Singapore's strategic approach to maintaining relationships with both superpowers while preserving its sovereignty and economic interests in an increasingly tense geopolitical environment.