What are the key elements needed for a permanent end to the war in Ukraine?

According to National Security Advisor Mike Walz, achieving a permanent end to the war in Ukraine—not just a temporary cessation of hostilities as seen in the past—requires addressing several fundamental aspects. Two critical elements will inevitably be part of negotiations: territorial discussions and security guarantees. These components are described as the "fundamental basics" that will undergird any meaningful peace talks. Walz emphasizes the practical reality that these difficult issues must be confronted directly to establish a lasting resolution rather than another temporary pause in the conflict.