How do investigators determine what caused a plane incident?

Investigators rely heavily on black boxes—specifically the voice and data recorders—which provide crucial information about the flight. After accessing the wreckage, they recover these devices to analyze what occurred during the incident. Additionally, investigators interview both pilots to understand their perspective and decision-making process during the emergency. This comprehensive approach allows investigators to piece together a clear picture of what went wrong and why. By combining technical data from the recorders with firsthand accounts from the flight crew, they can reconstruct the sequence of events and identify the root causes of aviation incidents.