What is the historical origin of Western Sahara?

Western Sahara's origin traces back to the infamous Berlin Conference of 1884, when European colonial powers carved up Africa. The territory was first acquired by Spain and became known as Spanish Sahara, remaining under Spanish colonial control for nearly a century. During the early 20th century, Spain also established protectorates in Morocco, while France controlled other parts of Morocco as a protectorate. Unlike Morocco, which gained independence in 1956, Western Sahara remained under Spanish control, setting the stage for the territorial disputes that continue to this day.