How has the European Union's reliance on Russian energy changed since 2022?

The European Union has significantly reduced its dependency on Russian energy since 2022 through 15 rounds of sanctions. Prior to this shift, the EU imported 40% of its natural gas from Russia, creating substantial energy vulnerability in the context of geopolitical tensions. As part of its strategy, the EU now controls the majority of Russia's frozen reserves, worth approximately 300 billion euros. This economic leverage, combined with diversification of energy sources, has allowed the European Union to substantially decrease its reliance on Russian natural gas, marking a major strategic realignment in European energy policy.