What was the Saturday Night Massacre and why was it significant in American political history?

The Saturday Night Massacre occurred in 1973 when President Nixon ordered Attorney General Elliot Richardson to fire special prosecutor Archibald Cox, who was investigating Nixon. Instead of complying, Richardson resigned on principle, as did the Deputy Attorney General. Solicitor General Robert Bork eventually carried out the firing, but the scheme ultimately failed. A new prosecutor was appointed, and Nixon was driven from office. The principled stand taken by these officials represented a rare moment of moral courage in American politics. Those who resigned lived the rest of their lives in public honor, while the incident strengthened public confidence in the American judicial and prosecutorial systems.