Adverse Drug Reactions

Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are significant and unintended harmful responses to medications, occurring at standard doses intended for treatment or diagnosis. The relevance of ADRs has become more pronounced in recent years due to their potential severity, ranging from mild side effects to life-threatening conditions like anaphylaxis and Stevens-Johnson Syndrome. These reactions often complicate patient care by mimicking other diseases, which necessitates thorough clinical evaluation and accurate medication histories to ensure effective diagnosis and management. ADRs can be classified into different types, including Type A reactions, which are predictable and dose-related, and Type B reactions, characterized by their idiosyncratic and unpredictable nature. With the advent of pharmacogenomics and advanced computational methods, recent approaches in ADR management focus on leveraging big data analytics, genetic profiles, and machine learning models to enhance detection and prediction. These innovative techniques allow for better understanding of genetic variations in drug-metabolizing enzymes and their correlation with individual susceptibility to ADRs. As a result, the evolving landscape of drug safety monitoring aims for a comprehensive evaluation of potential risks associated with medications, ultimately contributing to improved patient outcomes and enhanced safety in pharmacotherapy.