What is artificial intelligence and what are its types?

Artificial intelligence refers to the simulation of human intelligence in machines that are programmed to think like humans and mimic their actions. It can apply to any machine that exhibits traits associated with the human mind, such as learning and problem solving. There are three main types of AI: Artificial Narrow Intelligence (the current state focused on specific tasks like smart assistants), Artificial General Intelligence (a future state capable of broad tasks, reasoning and self-improvement), and Artificial Superintelligence (a theoretical state of machine consciousness with intelligence greater than humans). AI is increasingly being used in various fields including medical diagnostics, financial advice, and manufacturing.