Asteroid Impact Threat

Asteroid impact threats represent a significant area of concern within planetary science and planetary defense strategies. As various studies and observing endeavors demonstrate, near-Earth objects (NEOs) can pose varying degrees of risk to our planet, primarily classified based on their size and trajectory. The assessment of these potential threats employs metrics such as the Torino Scale and the Palermo Scale, which help scientists evaluate the possible consequences of an impact. Notably, even smaller asteroids under 25 meters typically disintegrate upon entering Earth’s atmosphere, but larger celestial bodies—especially those over 1 kilometer—can lead to catastrophic global effects, as historically evidenced by events such as the Chicxulub asteroid impact that contributed to the extinction of the dinosaurs. Recently, significant focus has been placed on asteroids like 2024 YR4, which was identified with an initial impact probability that raised alarms, and 2024 PDC25, which is projected to have a minimal risk of collision in 2041. The advancements in technology, such as the utilization of the James Webb Space Telescope, alongside the efforts of international agencies like NASA's CNEOS and the Planetary Defense Coordination Office, have substantially enhanced our ability to predict and mitigate these impacts. By sharing observational data globally and conducting risk simulations, the scientific community is working diligently to develop a cohesive planetary defense strategy against potential asteroid impacts. These efforts are crucial for safeguarding life on Earth from the threats posed by NEOs.